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Dicliptera chinensis

(L.) Juss. (1807)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Acanthaceae Genus: Dicliptera

dicliptera, double folding wing plant

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Sprawling or decumbent perennial herbs.

Stems: Hexagonal in cross section, 2–7 dm long.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite and decussate (pairs of leaves alternating 90 degrees between nodes). Blades ovate, 2-5-13.5 cm long. Surfaces sparsely strigillose, especially on the veins, cystoliths prominent on Upper surfaces as white raised streaks the size of the hairs; green; lower surfaces slightly paler. Margins entire or undulate. Petioles 1–3.5 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in axillary cymes. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Each one subtended by 2 green, ovate bracts of unequal size, the larger one ca. 12–14 mm long, the smaller one ca. 8–9 mm long, all bracts short–villous especially along the margins, the veins inconspicuous, pedicels 0.1 mm long. Calyx 5-lobed, 5–7 mm long. Corolla narrowly funnelform, distinctly 2-lipped, rose to purple, the throat with purple spots, 5–13 mm long. Stamens 2, inserted on the corolla alternate with the lobes, sometimes 1 or more reduced to staminodes; anthers dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; ovule placentation axile; style filiform, simple.

Fruit: Capsules with two cells; usually dehiscing explosively; ovoid; 7–8 mm long; short–villous. Seeds 4; discoid; On small hooked stalks (modified funiculus) that ejects the seeds from the capsule; embryos usually large; endosperm absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 26

Habitat: Naturalized primarily in or near urban areas.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Other Animals

Pollinators

Notes

  • Description digitized by Pumehana Imada
  • Pope (1929) states that this plant was recently introduced to Hawai‘i.

Bibliography

Name Published In: Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 268 (1807)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:171 (K, O); Staples et al. 2002:3 (H); Oppenheimer 2003:3 (WM); Oppenheimer 2004:8 (EM); Oppenheimer 2007:18 (Mo)

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., & Sohmer, S. H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2 (No. Edn 2). University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press.

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Dicliptera chinensis Hamakua District, Kukuihaele quad, Waipio Valley Common weak-stemmed herb in dappled shade on dirt bank of road leading to beach, adjacent to wetland area. Overstory of Hibiscus tiliaceus, Terminalia catappa, Samanea saman. Preserved_Specimen Imada, C. 200117 Hawaii BISH 2001-03-13
2 Dicliptera chinensis Kamanele Park, Honolulu Locally naturalized weed surviving under lawn mowing. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30817 Oahu BISH 1966-07-29
3 Dicliptera chinensis Kaluaa, Honouliuli Forest Reserve disturbed gulch bottom in mesic forest; Psidium cattleianum, Toona ciliolata, Setaria palmifolia, Preserved_Specimen Ching, H.S. 2021129102 Oahu BISH 2021-12-01
4 Dicliptera chinensis Naturalized in shady and semi-shady areas Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 2294 Oahu BISH 1981-04-09
5 Dicliptera chinensis Honolulu, UH Manoa Campus, near intersection of Maile Way and East West Rd Edge of sidewalk, shady Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 1739 Oahu BISH 2021-04-17
6 Dicliptera chinensis W Maui, Wailuku District, along Iao Valley Rd near mile marker 1 Under Syzygium cumini & Coffea arabica w. Calyptocarpus vialis, Rivina humilis, Emilia sp. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 110037 Maui BISH 2000-11-27
7 Dicliptera chinensis Honolulu, Waikahululu. Nuuanu Stream at School Street Bridge Dominant plant in undergrowth under trees above level of stream. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 27092 Oahu BISH 1946-09-22
8 Dicliptera chinensis Kamuela Park, Honolulu Mixed with Asystasia coromandeliana. Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. Oahu BISH 1942-05-13
9 Dicliptera chinensis Hamakua Dist., Lalakea, main weir at start of Lower Hamakua Ditch Dense groundcover in moist shade under two large mango trees. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9792 Hawaii BISH 1996-08-02
10 Dicliptera chinensis Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu. Manoa Stream In ravine of stream in shade; common. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 29649 Oahu BISH 1948-03-06
11 Dicliptera chinensis Foster Botanic Garden Growing at the base of a tree on a shady, well-watered lawn. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1389 Oahu BISH 1985-09-04
12 Dicliptera chinensis Honua, Kukaki Common weed in understory of haole koa stands. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 3239 Oahu BISH 1986-12-01
13 Dicliptera chinensis Lyon Arboretum, Honolulu; near Spathiphyllum Bank Common along road in dense shade. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 921 Oahu BISH 1971-11-29
14 Dicliptera chinensis East Maui, Olinda Rd above Makawao Common along rd. Associated vegetation: Coffee, Rose apple, Eucalyptus. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 508183 Maui BISH 2005-08-18
15 Dicliptera chinensis Kalae In lawn at base of Casuarina. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 110605 Molokai BISH 2006-11-02
16 Dicliptera chinensis Waikakalolu Falls, Nuuanu Stream above School St., Honolulu Dominant plant in undergrowth under trees above level of stream. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 27092 Oahu BISH 1946-09-22
17 Dicliptera chinensis Foster Garden, Honolulu. Nuuanu & School Sts Growing at base of stone wall; being crowded out by Actaea bracteata and Billbergia decora. Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. 13 Oahu BISH 1955-10-17
18 Dicliptera chinensis East Maui, Makawao District, Maliko Gulch Naturalized at streamside. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 30302 Maui BISH 2003-03-02
19 Dicliptera chinensis East Maui, Kokomo. Appearing in margins of garden. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 4309 Maui BISH 2008-02-24
20 Dicliptera chinensis Waimea Audubon Center, Waimea Valley, Oahu, Hawaii Mowed area under trees on left side of road on way up to falls, moist soil. Preserved_Specimen Crago, L.M. 2005206 Oahu BISH 2005-10-18
21 Dicliptera chinensis Nuuanu Pali lookout Preserved_Specimen Pearsall, G.A. Oahu BISH 1955-08-26
22 Dicliptera chinensis Leeward Koolau Mountains, at beginning of Manoa Cliffs Trail Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5512 Oahu BISH 1985-03-10
23 Dicliptera chinensis Waimea Arboretum, Haleiwa. In Weed Garden. Preserved_Specimen Orr, D. 921 Oahu BISH 1992-10-28
24 Dicliptera chinensis Kipapa Stream - Chicken Farm [?] Preserved_Specimen Englund, R. Oahu BISH 1993-03-04
25 Dicliptera chinensis Bishop Museum, Honolulu. In courtyard Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1945-11-09
26 Dicliptera chinensis Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Courtyard Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1945-11-09
27 Dicliptera chinensis 622 Judd St., Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1946-08-21
28 Dicliptera chinensis Grounds of Bishop Museum, Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1945-11-17
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